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Cracker
Any one who attempts to cut into the security of, and gain access to, someone else's system without having been invited. The term is a try to avoid the controversial usage of hacker. See also adversary and intruder. secure servers using SSL often prevent unauthorized logins of this kind with secure validation.
Cryptanalysis
The art of decoding text. Cryptanalysis is a complex process, involving statistical analysis, analytical reasoning, math tools and pattern-finding. It is a way to figure out how to break down Internet Security.
Crypto
Widely used as an abbreviation for cryptography, cryptographic, cryptology or even encryption.
Cryptographic Algorithm
A process or sequence of rules or steps that is well-define and is used to convert a key stream or ciphertext from plaintext and vice versa. Crypto-algorithm is an older usage.
Cryptographic Checksum
A one-way function attached to a file in order to construct a unique "fingerprint" of the file for reference at a later time. Recurrently part of the development of generating a digital signature.
Cryptographic Key
See key cryptography the process -- principles, means and methods -- for making information unintelligible or for restoring encrypted information back to intelligible form.