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Certificate
A file that attests to the identity of an organization or web browser user and is used to verify that data being exchanged over a network is from the intended source. The certificate is digitally signed either by a Certificate Authority or is self-signed. There are many certificates involved in providing Internet security and online security; 128-bit certificates are one kind, secure SSL certificates are another. Today 128 Bit SSL digital certificates are the most common type of SSL certificates.
Certificate Revocation List (CRL)
A list maintained by the Certificate Authority of all certificates that are revoked, but not expired. A certificate may be revoked because the user's private key is assumed to be compromised, the user is no longer certified by this Certificate Authority, or the Certificate Authorities private key is assumed to be compromised.
Certification
The complete assessment of the technical and nontechnical security functions of a system and other safeguards that are made for the accreditation process, which establishes the degree to which a particular plan and implementation meet a certain set of security conditions.
Certification Authority (CA)
A third party organisation which is used to confirm the relationship between a party to the https transaction and that party's public key. Certification authorities may be widely known and trusted institutions for internet based transactions, though where https is used on companies internal networks, an internal department within the company may fulfil this role.